This paper presents the Africonomics Theory of Structural Justice (ATSJ), a core pillar in the broader Africonomics framework. It establishes the moral and institutional principles necessary to form a fundamentally ethical and structurally just socioeconomic order. Contrary to prevailing models—rooted in utilitarianism, positivism, and statism—Africonomics asserts that justice is not the product of electoral formalities or bureaucratic design, but of a system’s fidelity to objective moral principles and natural rights. The theory defines structural justice as the ethical alignment of legal and institutional foundations with natural-moral law and the individual rights to life, liberty, and property ownership. A structurally just system eliminates or minimizes institutionalized rights violations and prohibits aggression, fraud, and coercion—whether through state policies, monetary manipulation, or economic centralization. This paper reveals the inadequacy of modern democracy, exposes the failures of statist socioeconomic models, and outlines the principles, components, and institutional reforms required to build free, civilized, and prosperous societies.